6 min read
A missing or inconsistent document is the leading cause of customs holds. Here are the most common documents; depending on the goods and the country, others may be required.
| Document | What it is for | Who provides it |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial invoice | Value, description and origin of the goods; basis for calculating duties and taxes | The seller |
| Packing list | Contents, weight and dimensions of each package; makes inspections easier | The seller or shipper |
| Bill of lading (B/L) | Ocean transport document; can serve as a title of ownership | The shipping line or freight forwarder |
| Air waybill (AWB) | Air transport document | The airline or freight forwarder |
| Consignment note (CMR) | International road transport document | The road carrier |
| Certificate of origin | Proves origin to benefit from trade agreements | Chamber of commerce or approved exporter |
| Specific certificates | Health, phytosanitary, conformity, import licences | Competent authorities |
The commercial invoice: the key document
- Full contact details of the seller and the buyer.
- A precise description of each item (avoid vague terms such as “samples” or “parts”).
- Quantities, unit value, total value and currency.
- Country of origin of the goods and the agreed Incoterm.
- HS code (tariff classification) if you know it.
Our advice
- Prepare the documents before pickup and send us a copy.
- Check that the invoice, packing list and labels match (number of packages, weight).
- Keep the originals some countries require for the bill of lading or certificates.
General information given for guidance only: exact rules depend on the countries, carriers and goods. For your specific case, contact our teams.